On 11 September 2024, anti-war activists clashed with police officers outside a convention center in downtown Melbourne, where the Land Forces 2024 International Land Defense Exposition is being held. Approximately 1,500 protesters had gathered for the protest organized by the activist groups Students for Palestine and Disrupt Wars to oppose the expo — which brings together military, defense, government, scientific and industry delegates from across the world. Protesters threw rocks, manure and bottles filled with liquids at riot police and caused significant disruptions in downtown Melbourne. Police deployed pepper spray and rubber bullets against the demonstrators and arrested 42 people. At least 27 police officers were injured in the clashes.