On 9 May 2023, the Israeli Defense Forces conducted airstrikes in the Gaza Strip targeting the residences of three senior commanders in Palestinian Islamic Jihad believed to be responsible for a recent episode in which unknown individuals fired rockets toward Israel from the Gaza Strip. Following the strikes, which Israeli authorities dubbed “Operation Shield and Arrow,” Israeli officials warned residents within 40 km (25 mi) of the Gaza Strip to remain close to shelters and canceled classes from 9-10 May for schools in the area. Officials also banned outdoor gatherings of more than 10 individuals, and indoor gatherings of 100, and canceled train services between Ashkelon to Sderot. Several crossings between the Gaza Strip and Israel – including the Erez and Kerem Shalom crossings – were closed following the strikes. At least 13 Palestinians were killed in the strike, including three senior members of Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and 20 other individuals were injured